Histone and DNA methylation changes in KMT2D mutant mice result in an expanded LSK progenitor population and a B cell-intrinsic expansion of the germinal centre reaction — ASN Events

Histone and DNA methylation changes in KMT2D mutant mice result in an expanded LSK progenitor population and a B cell-intrinsic expansion of the germinal centre reaction (#16)

Etienne Masle-Farquhar 1 , Lisa Miosge 2 , Ksenia Skvortsova 1 , Clare Stirzaker 1 , Joanne Reed 1 , Susan Clark 1 , Christopher Goodnow 1
  1. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Garvan Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  2. John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT, Australia

Recent exome and transcriptome sequencing efforts indicate that epigenetic modifiers such as histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) play an important role in lymphomagenesis. Somatic mutations impairing KMT2D activity are present in approximately 70% of human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. De novo germline heterozygous inactivating KMT2D mutations are also responsible for the majority of cases of Kabuki syndrome (KS), a rare multi-systemic disorder characterised by distinctive facial features, post-natal growth, skeletal and intellectual developmental delays, and haematological and immunological defects. KS patients show increased susceptibility to infections, reductions in serum immunoglobulin G levels, but also suffer from childhood-onset autoimmunity. The causes of the immunological phenotype of KS remain largely unknown. B cell-conditional deletion of KMT2D early during B cell development has been shown to affect follicular B cell development and enhance germinal centre (GC) formation. Here, we characterise mice with an ENU-mutagenesis-induced missense mutation on the Kabuki Interaction Surface (KIS) of KMT2D. The homozygous mutation is embryonically lethal on a C57BL/6 background but on a C57BL/6 x BALB/c F2 hybrid background, a fraction of homozygotes are viable and reached adulthood. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing of purified splenic B cells showed that KMT2D loss-of-function results in reduced histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) mono- and tri-methylation levels, associated with a global loss of DNA methylation and an expansion of promoter un-methylated regions (UMRs). These changes left B and T cell development and peripheral maturation largely unaffected, but resulted in a B cell-intrinsic expansion of the germinal centre response to immunisation. During early bone marrow development, they also expanded the Lineage- Sca1+ c-Kithigh (LSK) progenitor population. These results show that a germline KMT2D-inactiving mutation, two amino acids away from residues mutated in Kabuki syndrome and a somatic mutation in lymphoma, deregulates the germinal centre reaction and may initiate clonal haematopoiesis.

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